¿Qué hay detrás de la exportación? La importancia de una cultura aduanera en la empresa
Durante la feria Go International en Milan se celebraron numerosas conversaciones sobre distintos temas relacionados con la exportación. Entre ellas, destacamos la intervención de Lucia Iannuzzi y Paolo Massari, consultores aduaneros y cofundadores de C-Trade and Overy.
Los que te dicen que exportar es fácil, que basta con enviar la mercancía y hacer una factura, no les creas. No siempre es cierto», afirmó Paolo Massari, consultor aduanero con 20 años de experiencia y cofundador de C-Trade en la mesa del taller titulado «Cumplimiento aduanero: importación/exportación en palabras sencillas» en la feria de exportación Go International que se cerró el 5 de octubre en el Palazzo delle Stelline de Milán.
“Si exporto, tengo que fijarme en lo que exporto, pero sobre todo en el país de destino. Del mismo modo que necesito estudiarlo para entender cuál es el mercado de mis productos en ese país, necesito estudiar cómo se consideran y gravan en el mercado de llegada. Y hay que hacerlo antes de exportar, para no arriesgarse a practicar políticas de precios inadecuadas, encontrarse pagando un arancel superior al beneficio, en caso de despacho de aduanas en destino a nuestra cuenta o con la mercancía bloqueada en la aduana durante mucho tiempo, retrasando así toda la cadena de suministro y la llegada del producto al mercado de destino», concluye Massari.
En un momento de inestabilidad nacional e internacional, con el aumento de los costes de la energía y las materias primas, recurrir a los mercados extranjeros es en muchos casos la respuesta. Hay que diversificar los mercados de venta y aprovisionamiento para no encontrarse en la situación de no disponer ya de suministros o de no tener un mercado objetivo para sus productos. Pero para ello es necesario no subestimar ningún aspecto y conocer lo que hay detrás de los procesos de importación y exportación para no encontrarse desprevenido ante lo inesperado.
“Cada uno de ustedes importa o exporta«, así se dirige al público de la feria Lucia Iannuzzi, cofundadora con Massari de C-Trade y también ponente en el taller sobre cumplimiento de la normativa aduanera explicado de forma sencilla. “Todo el mundo te dice cómo importar y exportar, pero nadie te dice qué hay detrás». Este era el objetivo del taller impartido por los dos consultores: ir más allá del espejo y mostrar a los empresarios lo importante que es crear una cultura aduanera en la empresa para prevenir riesgos y pérdidas. «Para todo el mundo, las aduanas son un problema, pero muchos no saben que uno de los objetivos del código aduanero es la simplificación, la minimización de procesos, la digitalización de documentos, todo ello para satisfacer la necesidad de rapidez y optimización de las empresas, para adaptarse a los cambios de nuestro tiempo», dicen Iannuzzi y Massari. Pero no todas las empresas están preparadas para este cambio, precisamente porque piensan que tienen que ocuparse de las aduanas cuando surge un problema, sin saber en cambio que el problema puede prevenirse y que, mediante una planificación aduanera más precisa, las aduanas pueden convertirse en una oportunidad de negocio.
Durante el seminario, los dos consultores explican que, para despachar mercancías en aduana, es necesario dar un mandato, clasificar las mercancías e identificar su origen, analizar previamente la viabilidad y gestionar el riesgo, elegir el régimen de comercialización, transmitir la declaración e intercambiar los datos electrónicamente y, por último, realizar el asiento contable. En toda esta maraña, la responsabilidad de un error sigue siendo de la empresa, aunque recurra a operadores y transportistas externos. De hecho, cuantos más jugadores haya, mayor será el riesgo de error: por eso es importante dar dignidad a las aduanas.
Para toda empresa que se plantee exportar o entrar en nuevos países, surge el reto de la eficiencia. Actuar con antelación significa no ponerse en más dificultades de las que ya plantea la situación actual.
Fuente: por la redacción de Exportiamo redazione@exportiamo.it, traducido y adaptado por Exportamos info@exportamos.info
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